There are four periods of time when runners are most vulnerable to injury:

-During the initial 4 to 6 months of running

-Upon returning to running after an injury

-When the quantity of running is increased (distance)

-When the quality of running is increased (speed)

Most running injuries are caused by recurring factors that runners can often prevent or avoid themselves

Training errors are the most common source of injury, particularly lack of adequate stretching; rapid changes in mileage; an increase in hill training; interval training (going from slow speeds over long distances to faster over less ground); and insufficient rest between training sessions.

When selecting a running shoe, the athlete should look for a style that will fit comfortable and that will accommodate his or her particular foot anatomy. When a shoe’s mileage exceeds 500–600 miles, it should be replaced. Runners should keep also in mind potential anatomic abnormalities.

Hip disorders typically manifest themselves as groin pain. Back discomfort that radiates down the leg is cause for referral to a sports medicine specialist.

The patella (kneecap) is a common site of overuse injuries that can benefit from a 20 minute ice massage, a program of stretching and strengthening of the hamstring and quadriceps muscles and a short course of an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication. Surgery is rarely indicated.

Ankle laxity can lead to frequent ankle sprains and pain. Beneficial treatment includes muscle strengthening to increase stability, shoe modification to alter gait, and change of a running surface. Foot problems in runners are related to foot types. Nonoperative treatment such as orthotics and shoe modifications should be used if necessary.

The ideal surface on which to run is flat, smooth, resilient, and reasonably soft. Avoid concrete or rough road surfaces. If possible, use community trails that have been developed specifically for jogging and running, so you can measure your records for your exercises calculation and monitoring your heart rate, but you can also use speed and distance devices. Use fine jogging shoes to avoid unnecessary impacts on your feet.  Hills should be avoided at first because of the increased stress placed on the knee and ankle. During warmer, humid weather, increase fluid intake; in cool weather, dress appropriately. It is often helpful to weigh yourself before and after running on a hot, humid day. One pint of water should be consumed for every pound of weight lost. Avoid running during extremely hot and cold temperatures or when the air pollution levels are high. When running at higher altitudes, the runner should gradually acclimate to the lower oxygen levels by slow, steady increases in speed and distance.

Overweight and overfat do not always mean the same thing. Some people are quite muscular and weigh more than the average for their age and height. However, their body composition, the amount of fat versus lean body mass (muscle, bone, organs and tissue), is within a desirable range. This is true for many athletes. Others weigh an average amount yet carry around too much fat. In our society, however, overweight often implies overfat because excess weight is commonly distributed as excess fat. The addition of exercise to a weight control program like Slim in 6 helps control both body weight and body fat levels.

A certain amount of body fat is necessary for everyone. Experts say that percent body fat for women should be about 20 percent, 15 percent for men. Women with more than 30 percent fat and men with more than 25 percent fat are considered obese. How much of your weight is fat can be assessed by a variety of methods including underwater (hydrostatic) weighing, skinfold thickness measurements and circumference measurements. Each requires a specially trained person to administer the test and perform the correct calculations. 10 Minute Trainer is an interesting idea actually

From the numbers obtained, a body fat percentage is determined. Assessing body composition has an advantage over the standard height-weight tables because it can help distinguish between “overweight” and “overfat.” An easy self-test you can do is to pinch the thickness of the fat folds at your waist and abdomen. If you can pinch an inch or more of fat (make sure no muscle is included) chances are you have too much body fat.

People who exercise appropriately increase lean body mass while decreasing their overall fat level. Depending on the amount of fat loss, this can result in a loss of inches without a loss of weight, since muscle weighs more than fat. However, with the proper combination of diet and P90X exercise for example, both body fat and overall weight can be reduced. P90X Workout is a product that will help you much.

And they want you to come back into the fold They want you to eat junk and spend leisure hours doing a whole lot of nothing. Don’t do that Unlike poor Michael Corleone, you don’t have to be sucked back in. We’ve come up with a few tips to keep you stay health at the office. despite the bad habits of your co-workers.

 1. Head ‘em off at the pass. The thing is, if someone brings in a box of bear claws, they’re going to seem a lot more attractive if you’re hungry. So eat that balanced breakfast and have those healthy snacks on hand for the time between meals.

2. Find food that stays fresh. The frustrating thing about healthy food is that it doesn’t keep; so, unlike Oreos, which would keep in your desk well into the next eon, a lot of fresh fruits and veggies, yogurt, and cottage cheese go bad quickly if not refrigerated. And if you do have a fridge at work, going there to get your healthy eats can be quite an ordeal when you have to walk past a caravan of crud sitting on the kitchen counter. So here are a few things you can keep at your desk that might last a little longer at room temperature:
Uncut fresh fruit
A handful of raw nuts (be careful with this one—less is more)
A tub of protein powder (just add water!)
A handful of whole grain cereal
That may not seem like much, but there are hundreds of variations of at least three of those.

3. Get the heck out of Dodge. It’s 10:50 AM. You’re sweating bullets. It’s “Pizza Friday” and, in about one hour, the walking dead will be shuffling to the kitchen for multiple slices of gooey cheese and sausage on Chicago-style crust. Even if you stay in your cubicle, the savory scent will find you. How will you resist?
Well, when the going gets tough, the tough scram. At 11:50 AM, grab your good walking shoes and go for a stroll, have a picnic, go shopping, whatever. Just get out. That way you’re avoiding the horror and getting a little cardio and vitamin D all in one fell swoop.

4. Hook up to a slow drip. You have the lunch and two snack times sorted out, but you never know when some supposed good Samaritan is going to swing by your office with a bowl of bite-sized Snickers, tempting you when you still have two hours until your next official eating time.
If this is a problem, parse out your snacks. The trick is, you have to plan out the size of said snack in advance. So after breakfast, set aside X amount of whatever and graze on that—but when you’re done, you’re done. That’s the key.
The exception to this is raw, green veggies. It’s really, really hard to eat too much broccoli or celery, so if that’s your snack, eat yourself sick.

5. Give in to the dark side. It’s okay to be a little naughty sometimes. It keeps you sane, it makes a diet more palatable and, well, it tastes good. The key is moderation. First off, pick the amount of cheats you have in a week. For someone trying to lose weight, one or two is a good number. For those who have already reached their goals, more are okay.
When the pizza comes, if this is going to be one of your weekly cheats, get your piece, love it, lavish it, pray to it, build a monument around it, and eat it—but then you’re done. That’s it. That was your cheat. No more. No, not another “half piece” or “cut off little bite.” Just be done. Same goes for the candy bowl. Eat your mini Almond Joy and then walk away. Birthday ? Eat a small piece of cake. If they give you too much, cut it in half and dump half on someone else’s plate, or pass it on until a smaller piece comes your way.

6. Back against the wall. Sometimes, there’s an eventlunch with a client or an office partywhere all those “goodies” are unavoidable. When this happens, much of the above advice applies. Eat beforehand, use it as a cheat, etc.
If it’s at the office, make yourself a conservative plate, picking foods you know are at least sort of reasonable. A pasta salad is probably a better call than marshmallow salad, for example. Once you’ve finished your plate, throw it in the trash and be done. Get a glass of water in your hands so they aren’t tempted to wander into the M&M’s bowl and relax.
If it’s an outing, a few simple rules help with any restaurant experience. Choose a lean meat/protein. Eat half of whatever they serve. Choose salad or fruit instead of fries. Order water instead of Coke. You should be all right.

7. It’s a matter of public record. Put your “Before” and “After” photos on your desk. When temptation calls, have a look. Remember how far you’ve come. Reaffirm that long-term happiness outweighs a temporary sugar rush.
It was hard work getting this far, so follow these few simple tips and it won’t be for naught. The only thing you’re going to get pulled into is a size 2 (or 30-inch waist) pair of jeans, you sexy beast you.

The body mass index (BMI), or Quetelet index, is a statistical measure which compares a person’s weight and height. Though it does not actually measure the percentage of body fat, it is used to estimate a healthy body weight based on a person’s height. Due to its ease of measurement and calculation, it is the most widely used diagnostic tool to identify weight problems within a population, usually whether individuals are underweight, overweight or obese. It was invented between 1830 and 1850 by the Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet during the course of developing “social physics”. Body mass index is defined as the individual’s body weight divided by the square of his or her height. The formula universally used in medicine produce a unit of measure of kg/m2. BMI can also be determined using a BMI chart, which displays BMI as a function of weight (horizontal axis) and height (vertical axis) using contour lines for different values of BMI or colours for different BMI categories.

Some argue that the error in the BMI is significant and so pervasive that it is not generally useful in evaluation of health. Based on body mass index calculator research, University of Chicago political science professor Eric Oliver says BMI is a convenient but inaccurate measure of weight, forced onto the populace, and should be revised, so should the BMI calculator.

The medical establishment has generally acknowledged some shortcomings of BMI. Because the BMI is dependent only upon weight and height, it makes simplistic assumptions about distribution of muscle and bone mass, and thus may overestimate adiposity on those with more lean body mass (e.g. athletes) while underestimating adiposity on those with less lean body mass (e.g. the elderly).

A 2005 study in America showed that overweight people had a similar relative risk of mortality to normal weight people as defined by BMI. In an analysis of 40 studies involving 250,000 people, patients with coronary artery disease with normal BMIs were at higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease than people whose BMIs put them in the “overweight” range (BMI 25–29.9). In the intermediate range of BMI (25–29.9), BMI failed to discriminate between bodyfat percentage and lean mass. The study concluded that “the accuracy of BMI in diagnosing obesity is limited, particularly for individuals in the intermediate BMI ranges, in men and in the elderly… These results may help to explain the unexpected better survival in overweight/mild obese patients.

Body composition for athletes is often better calculated using measures of body fat ( body fat calculator ), as determined by such techniques as skinfold measurements or underwater weighing and the limitations of manual measurement have also led to new, alternative methods to measure obesity, such as the body volume index. However, recent studies of American football linemen who undergo intensive weight training to increase their muscle mass show that they frequently suffer many of the same problems as people ordinarily considered obese, notably sleep apnea, some say that’s not the best workout. A further limitation relates to loss of height through aging. In this situation, BMI will increase without any corresponding increase in weight.

Start the planning your daily healthy eating plan, consider where you already. You might want to keep a food diary for one week, one day or more. Writing down everything you eat and drink then compare with what the food pyramid suggests you should be eat, This will offer a better idea of what you need to add to your diet -probably fruits, vegetables and whole grains- and what you could cut back on -for example: fat, meat, salt, -.

Here are some TIPS to get you eating better:

Swap soda with water, Water is calorie-free and makes you feel full, which is important if you’re trying to lose weight. Water is also vital if you’re exercising more than you used to. Don’t think that just switching to diet soda is good enough; getting rid of all carbonated beverages is better for you.

Get whole grains at breakfast. Try oatmeal, toast on whole-grain bread, a whole-wheat English muffin, even leftover brown rice in an omelet. Starting your day with whole grains makes you feel full longer, and we all can use more fiber.

fruit for snacks. Most people don’t get anywhere near the recommended number of servings of fruit daily. Get closer by packing whole fruit, natural applesauce or single servings of mixed fruit in light syrup for snacks throughout the day.

Eat more often. Conventional diet wisdom lately is that eating more often during the day prevents blood sugar spikes and makes you feel full, even if you’re consuming fewer calories. Go for five or six eating sessions a day rather than the usual three.

Plan ahead. Take time on the weekend to plan your menu—breakfasts, lunches and dinners—and do as much of your shopping and prep work in advance as you can. Being prepared makes it easy to stick to your healthy diet plan.

Try more beans. Americans eat almost 200 pounds of meat, poultry and fish a year, way more than anyone else in the world. Cut your meat intake (and therefore your fat intake) by using beans instead of meat at least one meal a week. Beans are rich in fiber and can help lower cholesterol.

Look for ways to add veggies. It’s easy to add vegetables to salads, pasta sauces and rice dishes in addition to just eating them as sides. Each meal, think about ways to add a vegetable, and if you can, do it.
Eating healthy becomes second nature after a while. Once you’ve lived with your healthy eating plan for a few weeks you won’t even miss the unhealthy junk you were eating before.

Isn’t always easy to staying healthy at work , With all your coworkers sneezing and sniffing around you, it may seem impossible. Find how to stay healthy at work with these health tips:

1. Wash Your Hands. Often.
This means every time you use the restroom, before you eat, after you sneeze or cough and any other time your hands feel dirty. Also, keep a bottle of hand sanitizer at your desk, for when you can’t get to a sink.

Tips for being active
Give time every day for moderate aerobic physical activity like walking, swimming or biking. You should always stay within your physician’s recommendations and your own comfort zone.

  DO…

Wear comfortable clothes and sneakers.
Start slowly. Gradually build up to at least 150 minutes of moderately vigorous physical activity per week (or whatever your doctor recommends). That’s 30 minutes of activity, five or more times per week  If you can’t manage 30 minutes at a time, try two 15-minute sessions or three 10-minute sessions to meet your goal.
Exercise at the same time of day so it becomes a habit. For example, you might walk Monday through Friday before lunch or dinner.
If you aren’t on fluid restrictions, drink a cup of water before, during and after activity.
Ask family or friends to join you. You’ll be more likely to keep exercising with company.
Track your activity on a printable log or online.
If you miss a day, plan a make-up day or add 10–15 minutes to your next session.
Vary your activity to keep your interest up. Walk one day, swim the next time, then go for a bike ride.
Join an exercise group, health club or community fitness facility. Many churches and senior centers offer exercise programs, too. (Get your doctor’s permission first.)
Look for opportunities to be more active during the day. Park farther from your destination, walk the mall before shopping, choose a flight of stairs over an escalator, or take 10–15 minute walking breaks while watching TV or working.
Add strength and stretching moves to your routine, if your doctor allows them.
DON’T…

Get discouraged if you stop for awhile. Get started again gradually and work up to your old pace.
Perform isometric exercises that require holding your breath, bearing down or sudden bursts of energy. If you’re taking part in a class or structured rehab program, ask the leader or therapist what isometric exercises are.
Get involved in competitive or contact sports such as football or soccer.
Engage in any activity that causes chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness. If you have any of these symptoms, stop what you’re doing right away and call your healthcare provider.
Exercise right after meals, when it’s very hot or humid, or when you just don’t feel up to it.